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Violations Against The Inter-American Convention On Human Rights

Violations Against The Inter-American Convention On The Prevention, Punishment And Eradication Of Violence Against Women

Violations Against The Inter-American Convention To Prevent And Punish Torture

Violations Against The Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons

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Article 1 Obligation to Respect Rights
-Article 1(1) Obligation of Non-Discrimination
-Article 1(2) Definition of “Person”
Article 2 Obligation to Give Domestic Legal Effect to Rights
Article 3 Right to Juridical Personality
Article 4 Right to Life
-Article 4(1) Prohibition of Arbitrary Deprivation of Life
-Article 4(2) Limitations on Death Penalty
-Article 4(3) Prohibition of Re-Introduction of Death Penalty
-Article 4(4) Prohibition of Death Penalty for Political Offenses or Common Crimes
-Article 4(5) Prohibition of Death Penalty for Minors, the Elderly, or Pregnant Women
-Article 4(6) Right to Seek Amnesty, Pardon, or Commutation of Sentence
Article 5 Right to Humane Treatment
-Article 5(1) Right to Physical, Mental, and Moral Integrity
-Article 5(2) Prohibition of Torture, and Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment
-Article 5(3) Punish Only Criminals
-Article 5(4) Right of Accused to Be Segregated from Convicted Persons
-Article 5(5) Right of Minors in Detention to Be Separated from Adults
-Article 5(6) Detention Must Aim to Reform and Rehabilitate
Article 6 Freedom from Slavery
-Article 6(1) Prohibition of Slavery, Slave-Trade, Traffic in Women and Involuntary Servitude
-Article 6(2) Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
-Article 6(3) Exceptions to Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
Article 7 Right to Personal Liberty
-Article 7(1) Right to Personal Liberty and Security
-Article 7(2) Prohibition of Deprivation of Liberty Unless for Reasons and Conditions Previously Established by Law
-Article 7(3) Prohibition of Arbitrary Arrest or Imprisonment
-Article 7(4) Right to Be Informed of Reasons of Arrest and Charges
-Article 7(5) Right to Be Promptly Brought Before a Judge and Right to a Trial Within Reasonable Time
-Article 7(6) Right to Have Recourse Before a Competent Court
-Article 7(7) Prohibition of Prison for Debt
Article 8 Right to a Fair Trial
-Article 8(1) Right to a Hearing Within Reasonable Time by a Competent and Independent Tribunal
-Article 8(2) Right to Be Presumed Innocent
--Article 8(2)(h) Right to Appeal
--Article 8(2)(g) Right Not to Self-Incriminate
--Article 8(2)(a) Right to Be Assisted by Translator
--Article 8(2)(b) Right to Have Prior Notification of Charges
--Article 8(2)(f) Right of Defense to Obtain the Appearance of Witnesses and Examine Them
--Article 8(2)(e) Right to Assistance by Counsel Provided by State
--Article 8(2)(d) Right to Self-Defense or Legal Assistance and to Communicate Freely with Counsel
--Article 8(2)(c) Right to Adequate Time and Means to Prepare Defense
-Article 8(3) A Confession is Valid Only if Not Coerced
-Article 8(4) Prohibition of Double Jeopardy
-Article 8(5) Criminal Proceedings Must Be Public
Article 9 Freedom from Ex Post Facto Laws
Article 10 Right to Compensation in the Event of Miscarriage of Justice
Article 11 Right to Privacy
-Article 11(1) Right to Honor and Dignity
-Article 11(2) Prohibition of Arbitrary Interference with Private Life, Family, Home, Correspondence, and of Unlawful Attacks on Honor and Dignity
-Article 11(3) Right to Protection from Attacks against Private Life, Family, Home, Correspondence, Honor, and Dignity
Article 12 Freedom of Conscience and Religion
-Article 12(1) Freedom to Maintain or Change Religion and Freedom to Profess and Disseminate
-Article 12(2) Prohibition of Restrictions Impairing Freedom of Conscience and Religion
-Article 12(3) Exceptions to Freedom to Manifest One’s Religion or Beliefs
-Article 12(4) Right of Parents or Guardians to Provide Religious or Moral Education
Article 13 Freedom of Thought and Expression
-Article 13(1) Right to Seek, Receive, and Impart Information and Ideas
-Article 13(2) Prohibition of A Priori Censorship
-Article 13(3) Prohibition of Restriction of Freedom of Expression by Indirect Means
-Article 13(4) Exception to Prohibition of Censorship for the Protection of Minors
-Article 13(5) Prohibition of Propaganda for War and Advocacy of National, Racial, or Religious Hatred
Article 14 Right of Reply
-Article 14(1) Right of Reply or to Make a Correction
-Article 14(2) Correction or Reply Does Not Remit Other Legal Liabilities
-Article 14(3) Media Must Have a Responsible Person Not Protected by Immunities
Article 15 Right of Peaceful Assembly
Article 16 Freedom of Association
-Article 16(1) Freedom of Association for Any Purpose
-Article 16(2) Exceptions to Freedom of Association
-Article 16(3) Freedom of Association Can Be Legally Restricted for Members of Armed Forces and Police
Article 17 Rights of the Family
-Article 17(1) Family’s Right to Be Protected
-Article 17(2) Right to Marry and to Raise a Family
-Article 17(3) Prohibition of Forced Marriage
-Article 17(4) Equality of Spouses; Best Interest of Children in Case of Dissolution
-Article 17(5) Equality of Children Born In or Out of Wedlock
Article 18 Right to a Name and to Surname of Parents
Article 19 Rights of the Child
Article 20 Right to Nationality
-Article 20(1) Right to a Nationality
-Article 20(2) Right to Nationality of the State of Birth if One has No Other Nationality
-Article 20(3) Prohibition of Arbitrary Deprivation of Nationality
Article 21 Right to Property
-Article 21(1) Right to Use and Enjoyment of Property
-Article 21(2) Right to Compensation in Case of Expropriation
-Article 21(3) Prohibition of Usury and Other Forms of Exploitation
Article 22 Freedom of Movement and Residence
-Article 22(1) Right to Move Freely Within a State
-Article 22(2) Right to Leave a State
-Article 22(3) General Limitations to Freedom of Movement and Residence
-Article 22(4) Limitations to Freedom of Movement and Residence in Certain Zones
-Article 22(5) Prohibition of Expulsion from, or Denial of Return to, State of Nationality
-Article 22(6) Aliens Can Be Expelled Only Pursuant to a Decision Reached in Accordance to Law
-Article 22(7) Right of Asylum
-Article 22(8) Non-refoulement
-Article 22(9) Prohibition of Collective Expulsions
Article 24 Right to Equal Protection
Article 23 Right to Participate in Government
-Article 23(1) Right to Participate
--Article 23(1)(a) Right to Participate in Public Affairs
--Article 23(1)(b) Right to Elect and Be Elected
--Article 23(1)(c) Right to Have Access to Public Service
-Article 23(2) Exceptions to Right to Participate in Government
Article 25 Right to Judicial Protection
-Article 25(1) Right of Recourse Before a Competent Court
-Article 25(2) Remedies
--Article 25(2)(a) Rights Must Be Enforced by Competent Authorities
--Article 25(2)(b) Possibility of Judicial Remedy
--Article 25(2)(c) Remedies Must Be Enforced
Article 26 Duty to Progressively Develop Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
Article 27 Suspension of Guarantees
-Article 27(3) Procedural Requirements to Suspend Rights
-Article 27(1) Conditions Under Which Rights Can Be Suspended
-Article 27(2) Non-Derogable Rights
Article 28 Federal States
-Article 28(1) The National Government has Responsibility to Implement the Convention in Matters Over which it has Jurisdiction.
-Article 28(2) If the Constituent State has Jurisdiction, National Government must take Measures so that Constituent States may Implement the Convention
-Article 28(3) If Two or More State Parties to Convention Merge, the Convention Remains Effective in the New State
Article 29 Interpretation of the Convention
-Article 29(d) Interpretation Cannot Exclude or Limit Rights Recognized in the American Declaration or Other Similar Legal Instruments
-Article 29(b) Interpretation Cannot Restrict Rights Recognized by National Laws or Treaties
-Article 29(a) Interpretation Cannot Restrict Rights to an Extent Greater than Provided for in the Convention
-Article 29(c) Interpretation Cannot Preclude Inherent Rights or Rights Derived from Democratic Governance
Article 30 Restrictions Can Only Be Applied in Accordance with Laws Enacted for Reasons of General Interest
Article 31 Other Rights Can Be Recognized in Accordance with Provisions of the Convention

Article 1 Definition of “Violence against Women”
Article 2 Acts That Constitute Violence Against Women
-Article 2(a) Violence against Women includes Domestic Violence
-Article 2(b) Violence against Women includes Violence within Community
-Article 2(c) Violence against Women includes Violence by State Agents
Article 3 Right to Be Free from Violence in Both the Public and Private Spheres
Article 4 Right to the Recognition, Enjoyment, Exercise and Protection of All Human Rights and Freedoms Embodied in International Human Rights Instruments
-Article 4(a) Right to Life
-Article 4(b) Right to Physical, Mental, and Moral Integrity
-Article 4(c) Right to Personal Liberty and Security
-Article 4(d) Right to Freedom from Torture
-Article 4(e) Right to Personal and Familial Dignity
-Article 4(f) Right to Equal Protection
-Article 4(g) Right to Simple and Prompt Judicial Recourse
-Article 4(h) Right to Associate Freely
-Article 4(i) Right to Religious Freedom
-Article 4(j) Right to Equal Access to and Participation in Public Service
Article 5 Right to Free and Full Exercise of Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Article 6 Right to Freedom from Violence
-Article 6(a) Right to Freedom from Discrimination
-Article 6(b) Right to Be Valued and Educated Free of Stereotypes
Article 7 Duty to Prevent, Punish, and Eradicate Violence Against Women
-Article 7(a) Duty to Refrain from Acts of Violence
-Article 7(b) Duty to Prevent, Investigate, and Punish Violence
-Article 7(c) Duty to Adopt Administrative Measures to Prevent, Punish, and Eradicate Violence
-Article 7(d) Duty to Adopt Legal Measures to Prevent Violence Against Women and Women’s Property
-Article 7(e) Duty to Repeal Laws Tolerating Violence Against Women
-Article 7(f) Duty to Adopt Fair and Effective Legal Procedures
-Article 7(g) Duty to Adopt Legal and Administrative Measures for Reparations
-Article 7(h) Duty to Adopt Legislative Measures Necessary to Give to Effect to the Convention
Article 8 Duty to Undertake Measures
-Article 8(a) Duty to Promote Awareness
-Article 8(b) Duty to Modify Social and Cultural Patterns
-Article 8(c) Duty to Promote Education and Training of Public Officials
-Article 8(d) Duty to Provide Appropriate Specialized Services
-Article 8(e) Duty to Promote Governmental and Private Sector Education
-Article 8(f) Duty to Provide Access to Effective Readjustment and Training Programs
-Article 8(g) Duty to Encourage Communications Media to Develop Appropriate Media Guidelines
-Article 8(h) Duty to Ensure Research and Gathering of Statistics
-Article 8(i) Duty to Foster International Cooperation
Article 9 Special Consideration of Women in Specific Circumstances

Article 1 Obligation to Prevent and Punish Torture
Article 2 Definition of Torture
Article 3 Persons Who May Be Found Guilty of Torture
-Article 3(a) Public Servants
-Article 3(b) Person Ordered to Torture or Assist Torture by Public Servant
Article 4 No Defense for Following Orders of a Superior
Article 5 No Defense for Extenuating Circumstances
Article 6 Obligation to Take Effective Measures and Punish Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment
Article 7 Prevention of Torture
Article 8 Obligation to Investigate and Prosecute
Article 9 Right to Compensation for Victims
Article 10 Statements Obtained Through Torture Are Inadmissible
Article 11 Obligation to Extradite
Article 12 Jurisdiction
-Article 12(a) Jurisdiction When Torture is Committed Within State Jurisdiction
-Article 12(b) Jurisdiction When Accused is National
-Article 12(c) Jurisdiction When Victim is National
Article 13 Torture as an Extraditable Offense
Article 14 Obligation to Try Domestically
Article 15 Convention Does Not Limit Right of Asylum or States’ Extradition Obligations
Article 16 Convention Does Not Limit the American Convention on Human Rights or Other Conventions on Torture

Article 1 Obligation to Adopt Measures
-Article 1(a) Prohibition of Practicing, Tolerating or Permitting Forced Disappearances
-Article 1(c) Duty to Cooperate Internationally to Prevent Forced Disappearances
-Article 1(d) Duty to Take Measures
-Article 1(b) Duty to Punish Forced Disappearances
Article 2 Definition of Forced Disappearance
Article 3 Obligation to Adopt Legislative Measures
Article 4 Jurisdiction over Forced Disappearances
-Article 4(c) Jurisdiction if Forced Disappearances Victim is a State National
-Article 4(a) Jurisdiction over Forced Disappearances Committed within State Jurisdiction
-Article 4(b) Jurisdiction over Forced Disappearances Committed by a State National
Article 5 Obligation of Extradition
Article 6 Obligation to Submit Case to Competent Authorities When Extradition Not Granted
Article 7 No Statute of Limitations for Forced Disappearances
Article 8 No Superior Orders Defense
Article 9 Trial By Competent, Ordinary Non-Military Court
Article 10 No State Emergency Defense
Article 11 Right to Officially Recognized Detention Location and to Be Promptly Brought Before Competent Judicial Authority
Article 12 Duty to Assist Other States in Search and Identification of Victims